Past, present and future perspectives of refrigerants in air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump applications
نویسندگان
چکیده
The paper presents a study of refrigerants and some issues relating to their environmental impacts in HVAC&R equipment. They are treated aspects of the environmental pollution through the working fluids of the air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump systems, and a new strategy in using refrigerants in accordance with the international legislation is described. Additionally, this study presents the refrigerant development throughout the history and discusses the selection of refrigerants adapted to each utilisation based on the thermodynamic and -physical properties. Influence of those properties, which is of the utmost significance on the vapour-compression process efficiency and design are also presented. Finally, a comparative analysis of the total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) for possible substitutes of refrigerant R22 used in various air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration systems is performed. Key-Words: Pollution, environmental protection, cooling, refrigerants, ecological substitutes.
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